Sunday, September 9, 2018

How I got to America. Part 1: My Grandmas


Today I was listening to the podcast “This American Life” on the way home from work. This particular episode was titled “How I got into College,” a topic that’s somewhat relevant in my current life, since for the past few weekends me and my brother have been talking to each other about how he’s going to get into college, under the guise of playing video games together.

This particular episode was really good. I was riding on the train, staring outside the window discreetly dabbing tears from my eyes using the back of my pointer finger. The protagonist of the story was telling his mythology of how he went from a refugee in Bosnia to a Harvard graduate with a tenure position at UChicago through the sheer virtue of luck and the kindness of others. It got me thinking, how much of my life is a fluke.

That story doesn’t just begin with me though. It begins way before I was ever born. But I’ll start telling it from where I’ve heard it start.

Mama

Chinese is a tonal language, in the Shantou dialect where my dad’s from Mama could mean mother, but if you emphasize both syllables it would mean grandma. Mama is not my mom, she is my grandma on my dad’s side of the family.

Mama was born in a rural village in China back in the 1930s. She had a few siblings and her family worked on a farm. Back then it wasn’t uncommon for children not to go to school. This was especially true if you were a girl, because what’s the point of educating girls if they just get married off? And also true if your family farmed, because what are you going to do? Read to the rice stalks to make them grow faster?

But Mama was lucky, she went to elementary school all the way until 6 grade. She was an intelligent girl but was pulled out by her auntie at the end of elementary school because they needed her to help out more on the farm. She learned how to read and write a little, but I think more importantly she got a taste of what education was like and the experience kindled a desire in her to learn.

It wasn’t until she was 18 before she had another chance at school. Now the next part is a little fuzzy for me, but there was an opportunity to test into a prestigious middle school in the area, and someone managed to convince Mama’s aunt to let her go and take the test. She didn’t technically qualify to even take the test. They required applicants to be under 16. But Mama and her friend smudged the document stating their birth year and with two strokes of a pencil changed it so that they were 16.

She took the test and 5% of the applicants were accepted. Out of her cohort, only two kids were selected, and Mama was one of them. She went on to attend night school, and then moved to the city to study at a telecommunications school. She eventually moved directly from the training school to their parent company where she worked until she retired. She had four kids, and grandpa was always sick, so she was the one handling most of the things in the house. Money was always tight, so the kids had to grow up fast and do their fair share.

Present day she still live in China in the same apartment that she bought after retiring some 20 years ago. I didn’t get to see her frequently back when I lived in America since we traveled back to China only once every few years. Recently, the past 3 years or so, I’ve been flying to and from Japan a lot so I’ve been able to see her more often as I swing by China. Everytime I am touched by how loved I feel despite these years of being apart.

I have really clammy hands, so it’s not a pleasant experience holding them, but whenever we crossed the road together, she reaches out and grabs my hands. And hand in hand we would dodge cars, motorcycles, and bikes on our way to the market.

She’s doing alright, but I can definitely see what time has done to her health. Things like clutching the banister as she walks one foot next the other as she makes her way to her fourth floor apartment. While I was there I held the groceries, which were even heavy by my standards, and I wonder what she does when no one there.

As an American I always expect there to be an anti-U.S. sentiment in China but talking to my family, it doesn’t seem like that’s the case. Mama came to live with us in New York for a year when my brother William was born. Taking William out on strolls, friendly strangers would comment on how cute he was. Those memories of the U.S. dyed her impressions of Americans as a open-hearted bunch.

Popo

Popo, not like the police popo or rhymes with bobo the clown popo. It’s really hard to romanize non-mandarin Chinese, but I assure you it sounds a lot nicer than it does in your head. But anyway, Popo is Cantonese for grandma. She’s my mom’s mom.

I’m not sure if she had an education beyond elementary school, but growing up I remember watching her put on her reading glasses and read the Chinese newspaper we picked up from Flushing. She was a really accomplished woman, though not in the sense that the word is usually used. When she was younger she single handedly saved her siblings from starvation, and till this day it’s a debt that can’t be repaid.

She passed away my Junior year in highschool, so most of my information about her life is second hand from my mom. But my mom remembers back in her childhood that when Popo got off work at the factory she would bike home with a giant bag of chestnuts. Popo and my mom would then peel and wash that entire bag, which then would be brought back to the factory and sold for a little extra money.

She was a hard worker all her life. And I would say that it paid off. Her kids both went overseas, they both got ph.Ds, and both now live upper income lives with highly educated children (that’s me ;)

She moved to America sometime when I was a elementary schooler when my cousin was born. Popo lived with my uncle’s family most of her life after immigrating to America, she had a brief stint at our place for a year or two, but since they actually bought a house and we were still living in various apartments in New York, she lived with them.

When she died my mom was understandably really sad. I think what got to her the most was that we finally bought a house when we moved to Kansas, we finally had the means to give Popo her own room. She could finally live with us. But she was gone.

I don’t really remember the process of her dying. It felt like it was a short period of over a year, in which I saw her once in the middle, and once towards the end. I knew that she had cancer but towards the end she also had a hard time remembering things, remembering me. That final time I remember her grabbing all the grandkids and leading us into her room where she sat us down and splitting what was left of her money among the four of us. She split it evenly except for this one 2 dollar bill she had. It was special and she kept it in a special place.

There was only one so it went to the oldest cousin. Jimmy. Who by the way, is younger than me by 5 years. I’m still not quite sure what she meant by oldest cousin. Maybe it was because he was the oldest male cousin or maybe because Jimmy’s technically the one who’ll carry the family name? I was understandably hurt, but more hurt by the fact that she was not going to be here anymore.  

After getting home I wrapped up the bills that she gave me in a sheet of sketchbook paper and labeled it grandma’s money so I wouldn’t accidentally it. She passed away shortly after. Her funeral was held in China since the majority of her friends and family still lived there. Since it was so far away, my mom was the only one who was able to go.

Anyway, that was the end, but there were a lot more happy times in between. One summer during elementary school I lived at my uncle's house. I remember her taking me out on walks to the playground, packing me spicy seaweed packets for my snack, and watering her garden with pee that was collected from Jimmy’s duck shaped potty chair.

And during that year that she lived with our family, my brother’s Cantonese dramatically improved, and then she left and it subsequently declined. And like most grandmas that immigrated as an older adult, she didn’t learn much English during the years that she was here. But one phrase that William taught her that she always remembered was “I love you.”

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So my writing took a little detour from my original topic of detailing “how much of my life is a fluke,” but maybe it took a better turn, and gave me the opportunity to write down our histories. I think I’m going to make this a series, and next time I’ll talk about how my parents ended up in America.


Friday, August 31, 2018

What am I procrastinating on?


It’s been a long time since my last blog. Partly because there’s just too many things that I want to do, too many things I need to do, and too little time to do. And all of these things are pulling and tugging me in different directions and the end result is more or less I feel like a puddle. I just want to lay here until I evaporate. But anyway I thought it would be a good idea to organize a bit, and maybe that would help motivate me to finish something.


Things that I want to do:


I want to write more. I always mean to write more. I have a list that I keep with different blogs I want to eventually write, topics like: an update on how my Japanese is doing, what it’s like being a hidden (Asian) foreigner, my favorite things in Japan (which is a surprisingly dull list).

Part of what’s stopping me is I have this grand ambition of writing a field guide documenting every year I’ve spent studying Japanese, what worked, what didn’t work, milestones, but it’s just a little outside of what I can handle right now so instead I just plan and dream about it, ha, ha..

I want to draw more. I think I always fancied myself to be an artist, but as a 23 year old it’s a lot different from middle school where every single anime boy you drew got compliments like “omg ursoo good at drawing. Can you draw me something???”

I have this stupid pressure to be “good” (everyone who makes art probably gets it), but in reality I draw way less than I did as a 13 year old. Everyone of my watercolor pieces takes at least a few hours (and usually I’m not even that satisfied with the end result). Also, after getting back from work, arms shaking from using the mouse all day, the last thing I want to do is hunch over a piece of paper weighed down by my own personal expectations of making “good art.”

I want to pass the N1. Which for those who don’t know, is the highest level of the Japanese Level Proficiency Test, and every foreigner’s wet dream. Honestly it’s kinda a bit far fetched seeing that I’ve never taken any of the easier levels. But. Go big or go home right? (And I want to get it over with. None of that, study for the N2, take the N2, study for the N1, take the N1 bullshit. Yes I’m so lazy…)

The problem is that I’m not studying for it... And the times I’ve cracked open a practice test I score around 60% right…

*Just did some research into what counts as passing, and their standards are so abysmal that maybe I can pass...full score is a 60. You need to score at least a 19 in order to pass. That’s like passing with a score of 32%...

Ok, maybe that’s doable.

I want to learn Chinese. Which I’m literally doing nothing for. I keep telling myself that I’ll start after I pass the N1.Which I’m not studying for. I’m thinking about bringing the study book to work so I can do it during lunch. We’ll see how that goes.

I want to get skinnier. “But you look fine” my friends all say. But we all know that we look into the mirror and everyone has gripes that no one else cares about. I’m going to the gym about three times a week. It pretty much siphons all the time I would spend working on any other of my goals. Changes are extremely incremental, I’d probably get way better results working on literally any of my other goals for the amount of time I put in. So from an efficiency standpoint, I am clearly prioritizing wrong.

Things I need to do:

I need to clean my room. In college we had carpet floors so I never noticed how much I shed. By the time Saturday rolls around I’m always confronted by a shit ton of hair on the floor, a slow migration of stuff from my makeup shelf to my desk, and the appearance of abandoned cups that I haven’t bothered to wash throughout the week.

I need to go to the dentist. I’ve never booked my own doctors appointments before (yes, I know. I am a child…). I haven’t booked my dentists appointment despite musing on it for a couple of weeks. I have these two divets in my teeth that feel sensitive when I swirl water around my mouth. Partly it’s just cause I’ve never done it before. Partly its cause I don’t want to go to a Japanese dentist and have to fill out paperwork in Japanese and have a conversation about my dental hygiene in Japanese. I’ll book it after writing this blog.

I need to make food. Having a cafeteria is really convenient. You get pre-prepared food. You get company to talk to. You have your dirty dishes whisked away by a conveyor belt. I’ve been dealing with this by meal prepping a week’s worth of food, the downside is that I’m eating the same thing for lunch and dinner for the whole week. Luckily it doesn’t bother me too much.

I need to watch Youtube. Or anime, or netflix. Don’t get me wrong, it’s not a chore so much as I need it to feel like a sane human and to destress throughout the week. This season’s Anime I’m watching: Working Cells!, Bananafish, Boku no Hero Academia. And I want to watch season 3 of Attack on Titans but I haven’t had the time.


Yeah so that’s all the stuff I want/got to do. If you’ve made it this far, hooray I guess? You should probably get off the toilet seat now.  I’m gonna make lunch and book my dentist appointment.


Sunday, April 8, 2018

Jiaying tries to explain the blockchain

What is blockchain and what does it promise?


From what I understand, a blockchain is a database that is stored on a distributed network. Changes in the database, which can also be called transactions, are stored on the blockchain as blocks, which are linked up in chronological order (like a chain) creating a timeline. By going back in a blockchain you would be able to look at all of the changes/transactions that happened during the history of the blockchain. You can only add new blocks, you can not change previous blocks.
Analogy: It’s kinda like the version history on google spreadsheets, you’re able to see all of the changes that have occured since you’ve created the document, and multiple people are able to add their changes
A blockchain is not meant to be stored on a single centralized server, if you want to participate in editing the database, you will need to download a copy of the blockchain and serve as a node in the network. Nodes in a blockchain network talk to each other in order to verify that everyone’s copy of the blockchain is the same (and not tampered with) and notify each other of new blocks that have been added to the blockchain. This system allows every participant in the blockchain to know that the previous blocks are not being edited. Every node gets to send transactions to every other node without having to go through a central entity.
A simplified node diagram
Analogy: I need to pay my rent ($1000), I have an account with bank A, my landlord has an account with bank B. Bank A needs to debit my account $1000, send this money to bank B, and bank B will then have to credit my landlord $1000. This relies on all of us trusting that at each stage of the transaction no one is fucking the other person over (because we’re not trucking $1000 dollar bills from bank A to bank B). If I was paying my landlord using cryptocurrency like bitcoin, I would just send my rent to them from my node to theirs, and as the transaction is being sent across the network, every node would verify with their blockchain that nothing fishy is going on.
Me before you (blockchain)
The use of blockchain promises:
Security - The anatomy of a blockchain makes it difficult to edit previous blocks without invalidating all subsequent blocks, this prevents hackers from changing the data. Because all other nodes are cross checking with each other’s copy of the blockchain, edited blockchains will also be rejected by other nodes as fraudulent.
Privacy - The data on all blocks are encrypted, which anonymizes who’s sending what to who.
Decentralization - Because the data is not stored on a central server somewhere, no central institution has control over the database (unless of course they own all the nodes on the blockchain)
Trust - Which becomes unnecessary since the blockchain algorithm will make sure that no one is making fake transactions (ie. paying someone money that we don’t have).
Reduction of Bureaucracy - It simplifies transactions and can reduce costs by cutting out the intermediary infrastructure needed to support peer to peer transactions.

Anatomy of a blockchain and how it works

A blockchain consists of blocks. These blocks are linked together chronologically.
Each block has:
Transactions - Theses are the changes to the database
Hash - This is a fingerprint uniquely identifying the block and it’s contents
The previous block’s hash - This is what chains one block to another
This is what a simple blockchain would look like:
The hash of each block is basically the encrypted information on the block. To generate a hash you would feed, the transactions and the previous block’s hash into a hashing function, which would then spit out a unique hash.I’m depicting it as a pictorial fingerprint, but a real hash would look something like this:
28902a23a194dee94141d1b70102accd85fc2c1ead0901ba0e41ade90d38a08e
This hashing function is deterministic, which means that editing any of the input would change the output hash.
If you edit a transaction in a block, it will change it’s hash.Because blocks are linked to each other by their hashes, changing one block’s hash will change all the subsequent blocks’ hashes as well. Your blockchain is now completely different from any other node’s blockchain, which will result in them rejecting your changes.
Blockchain 1: “Why won’t you accept me? D’:”
Blockchain 2: “Because we come from two different hashgrounds”

So why’s people so hyped on bitcoin? Cryptocurrency and mining

So...honestly I feel like most people hyped on cryptocurrency don’t really know or care for its benefits (for list of benefits read section “what is blockchain and what does it promise”). Many people are just hodling onto the cryptocurrency waiting for it double and triple its price before selling it for the mad cash.
The reason why I feel it hasn’t swept the world by storm (or at least the bubble in which I live in) is that it doesn’t really address most people's needs. I trust my financial institutions not to fuck me over (maybe naively you might say), the places I shop don’t take bitcoin, and it’s too volatile as a currency.
Maybe cryptocurrency will take hold in places where the government and institutions can’t be trusted, but I don’t know.
Anyway, one part about bitcoin I never understood was
What the hell are these miners and what are they mining?
So one feature of bitcoin is that it has these bitcoin miners. Bitcoin miners are nodes that verify transactions and add them to a block, these blocks get added to the blockchain once that block is verified by other nodes. As a reward for verifying transactions and adding a new block, miners are rewarded with new bitcoins increasing the whole bitcoin economy. Right now miners get a reward of 12.5 bitcoins (which is approximately $150,000).
Because bitcoin is a currency, you can’t just flood the market with a ton of new bitcoins. That would screw up the value of each individual bitcoin. Which is why bitcoin’s algorithm only allows one new block to be added every ~10 min.
There are tons of these miner nodes competing to create the next block (and earn bitcoins), so how is only one created every 10 minutes? The algorithm does this by adding a layer of artificial difficulty by only accepting blocks with hashes that fit a certain requirement (ie. a hash that starts with n number of zeros)
000000cdccf49f13f5c3f14a2c12a56ae60e900c5e65bfe1cc24f038f0668a6c
In addition to the base hashing function inputs (transactions & previous block’s hash), miners also put in a third input, a number (which basically functions as a guess), which will hopefully generate a hash that fit’s the algorithm’s requirement.
These miners repeat this process 1,000,000,000,000,...s of times to find an acceptable hash
You need really powerful computers in order to mine bitcoins because it’s so astronomically impossible to find an acceptable hash. These computers also are super resource hungry. Currently bitcoin miners use as much electricity as the country of Algeria does in a year. Which is definitely bad for for the environment.
Eventually this energy consumption should decrease (or so people say) since the end total number of bitcoins in circulation will be capped around 21 million. Miners will be getting less and less bitcoin reward for each successful block, which will decrease incentive, decrease competition, and the algorithm will adjust the hash requirement to be simpler (less zeros).
But yes for now verifying bitcoin transactions are actually a lot slower than verifying credit card transaction. And it’s also destroying the environment with its carbon footprint.
What is a coin vs. token?
So one thing that was super confusing for me was what’s the difference between a coin verses a token. Quick googling seems to indicate that coins’ primary purpose is to work as currency, while tokens are a more generic counter system.

So why would you want to use blockchain?

So I get the appeal of blockchain for the anarchist type person (screw central powers of authority), but decentralization itself can’t really be a driver for big corporations to want to use blockchain right?
Well it does seem like there are several other benefits of blockchain for businesses.
  1. Prevent hackers and security breaches
  2. Make record keeping more automated (and reducing
But what I don’t get is how exactly do blockchain companies make money, if people are making peer to peer transactions, and skipping out on paying the middleman. The incentive to create a platform/software that facilitates direct transactions would have to come out of the goodness of their hearts right? What exactly is the blockchain business model if you employ the fundamental basics of the blockchain’s benefits?

Non crypto-currency examples of blockchain applications:

I was going to compile a list of non cryptocurrency examples with long explanations, but I figured other people have done a good enough job:

Thursday, January 11, 2018

Mourning for my adolescence

It’s been awhile since I’ve last written a piece for my blog, but they say that if you love something, you’ll never truly leave it. It’s like an itch, that sooner or later I would come back to pouring my thoughts and feelings into the vast expanse of a google document. Also it’s just a time of big transitions in my life, and I’m not entirely sure how I’m feeling, but it always seems like by the time I finish writing a blog, somehow the loose ends of my thoughts wrap up somewhat nicely.


So main transitions going on right, is one, moving to Japan, and two, moving to adulthood. After landing at Haneda airport I took the train to the station nearest to my new apartment. I was sitting on the train, gripping my luggage, looking around, and I just had this really strange feeling. It felt like very familiar moment, millions of colorful advertisements fighting for my attention, and me, staring hazily trying to decipher what they’re trying to sell me in my jet lagged state. But at the same time everything felt really foreign, and I couldn’t put my finger on exactly why I was feeling that way. I stared outside the window watching the landscape woosh by and in my head I felt like it was very, Japanese-poi, or Japanese like. But it didn’t feel entirely like I was here in Japan either.


It’s been a few days since then, and even now I still feel occasionally disoriented. There hasn’t been a decisive moment where I’m like, “yup I’m in Japan now” even though all the cues are screaming that I am no longer in America. Moving to a new country is tough, but right now what I think I’m having the most trouble with is coming to grips with adulthood.


It’s not really any particular aspect of it, moving to a new apartment, not seeing friends, going grocery shopping, cooking, working, figuring what to do with my spare time, I’ve done all of those things before, but still nothing has ever felt so final as it feels now. You know, like this time it’s for real. And that I think is what scares me the most. That when fall rolls around I won’t see my friends, there’s no winter break for me to bum around at home, and also just the realization that everyone is diverging living their own separate lives. That no matter how much effort you put in to things to keep in touch, and no matter how well your efforts are rewarded, it will never quite be the same anymore. And that too, scares me.

Everything is so unfamiliar. Maybe it just takes time. We all get thrust into adulthood, and maybe the truth is that no one is ever quite ready for it. Maybe it’s a matter of treading water now and eventually a sense of normalcy will return. And hopefully even though things won’t ever be the same again, that the new doors that open will be as much, if not more, enthralling.